Correlation is about the relationship between variables. All of these options are possible causes of the correlation. a) A correlation of -0.98 indicates a​ strong, negative association. a. 0 c. -.5 d. +. 0 votes. An r of +0.20 or -0.20 indicates a weak correlation between the variables. a. it is closest to 0 b. it is closest to -1 c. it is positive d. it is negative 17. -0.29 c. 0.48 d. -1.00. general-psychology; 0 Answer. Which of the following scatterplots represents the weakest relationship?) (c) Find the correlation coefficient. But the opposite is true. ​a) Apples: weight in​ grams, weight in ounces. the answer is #2 -0.11 Upvote (2) A perfect downhill (negative) linear relationship […] Keep in mind that any numbers that are between -0.5 and -0.7 show weak negative correlation only, same for positive. The accompanying table shows data for the​ world's top 10 steel roller coasters. The following scatterplot depicts fictional data that replicate the pattern of performance observed by Nietfeld and Ender (2003). The denominator of the Pearson correlation equation corrects for _____ and _____ issues present in the numerator. _____ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study. +. Dr. Kang wants to know if there is a relationship between class attendance and class participation. Assuming the relation is linear, a correlation of -0.772 shows a strong relation in a negative direction. a) Does the scatterplot indicate that​ it's appropriate to calculate a​ correlation? + 0.21 c. - 0.01 d. - 0.88 13. If​ false, explain briefly. The denominator of the Pearson correlation coefficient includes: the square root of the product of the two sum of squares. Question 1 Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables? Which of the following scatterplots represents the strongest relationship? Since the relationship is not​ linear, the correlation should be near 0. I would say −0.68, but still −0.68 does not indicate a strong correlation. a. and hair color (blond, etc.). There may be an​ association, but not a correlation unless the variables are quantitative. According to Cohen's guidelines presented in your text, a correlation value of _____ is considered small, _____ as medium, and _____ as large. The weakest correlation coefficient is 0, which means there is absolutely no relationship between the two variables you are correlating. a. moderate b. weak c. very strong d. very weak 14. Which of the following values of the correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship? There could be a correlation between average number of hours of TV watched per week per person and number of crimes committed per year. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. Based on this scatterplot, a student with 6 absences should get approximately what score on the final exam? +0.25 In a re-analysis of published studies, Twenge and Im (2007) found that, for the time period of 1958 to 2001, the need for social approval of people in the United States was negatively correlated with the U.S. violent-crime rate during that same period (the correlation coefficient was -0.31). Question: Which Of The Following Is The Weakest Correlation Coefficient? The strongest linear relationship is indicated by a correlation coefficient of -1 or 1. Tara wanted to assess the reliability of her measure of happiness, so she had a group of introductory psychology students complete the measure of happiness two times and then compared the scores, calculating a correlation coefficient. One assumption for using hypothesis testing for the Pearson correlation is that one variable should vary equally at each level of the other variable. 32. -The strongest linear relationship is indicated by a correlation coefficient of -1 or1. What would a correlation of .35 be called? There are numbers that are used to find the correlation is +1 and -1. This means that: as the need for social approval went up, the number of violent crimes decreased. The branch of social science that specializes in the development of tests and measures is called: A positive correlation between hand size and foot size indicates that: people with larger feet also tend to have larger hands. Using the 30 students in her Intro to Psychology class, she finds a correlation of +0.35. The Pearson correlation coefficient is only appropriate when: What kind of correlation would you expect to find between levels of family income and educational level? See my table below. 1. An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. It looks like your browser needs an update. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship? a. Correlation coefficient values less than +0.8 or greater than -0.8 are not considered significant. Researchers who study the process of reading in children have discovered that better readers make smoother eye movements across the page (e.g., there is a positive correlation between reading skill and the smoothness of the eye movements). Relationship between political party membership and opinion about abortion. What kind of correlation would you expect to find between the age of a home and its value? What is the easiest way to determine if this assumption has been met? What value of df should be used to determine statistical significance in hypothesis testing? Explain. In a re-analysis of published studies, Twenge and Im (2007) found that, for the time period of 1958 to 2001, the need for social approval of people in the United States was negatively correlated with the U.S. divorce rate during that same period (the correlation coefficient was -0.38). A researcher assigned the numbers 1-365 to the days January 1-December 31 and recorded the temperature at​ 2:00 a.m. for each. the same results are obtained each time it is used. Instead of drawing a scattergram a correlation can be expressed numerically as a coefficient, ranging from -1 to +1. The Correlation Coefficient (r) The sample correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of the closeness of association of the points in a scatter plot to a linear regression line based on those points, as in the example above for accumulated saving over time. As alcohol consumption increases, grade decreases. B. C. Relationship between gender and whether person has a tattoo. it measures what it is supposed to measure. If the results from an intelligence test are different when given to the same person on two different occasions, then the test is: Which of the following accurately reflects the relationship between reliability and validity? This is called a positive correlation. In a re-analysis of published studies, Twenge and Im (2007) found that, for the time period of 1958 to 2001, the need for social approval of people in the United States was negatively correlated with the U.S. violent-crime rate during that same period (the correlation coefficient was -0.31). He reported a reliability estimate of +0.75. In psychological research, we use Cohen's (1988) conventions to interpret effect size. In case of price and demand, change occurs in opposing directions so that increase in one is accompanied by decrease in the other. If the number is close to -1 then there is a negative correlation. ​a) Altitude and temperature when climbing mountains, ​a) Explain the mistake in the following statement.​ "My very low correlation of -0.772 shows that there is almost no association between GDP and infant mortality​ rate.". a) Does the scatterplot indicate that it is appropriate to calculate the​ correlation? D. Relationship between eye color (blue, brown, etc.) The test has 10 items, and the computer program finds the average of all possible split-half correlations between groups of 5 items. Correlations tell us: 1. whether this relationship is positive or negative 2. the strength of the relationship. Write down the value of \(a\) and of \(b\). 4. "There was a correlation of 0.44 between GDP and Continent." Q. A measure must be reliable for it to be valid, but a reliable measure is not necessarily valid. Values over zero indicate a positive correlation, while values under zero indicate a negative correlation. Which of the following would indicate the STRONGEST relationship between two variables? Oh no! a. Continent is a categorical variable. This means that a correlation of -0.8 has the same strength as a correlation of 0.8. -The weakest linear relationship is indicated by a correlation coefficient equal to0. Values at or close to zero imply weak or no linear relationship. asked Jan 16, 2020 in Psychology by biologist. 3. What is the null hypothesis when testing for significance using the Pearson correlation coefficient? 31. 0.08 b. That is, which one permits the least accurate predictions of one variable from the other? A correlation of .8 may be interpreted as weak. Which of the following statements is false? This means that: as the need for social approval went up, the Dow Jones also increased. If one variable gets changed then it also affects another variable. This is called a negative correlation. Using a two-tailed test and a p level of 0.05, what should she conclude? A positive correlation means that if one variable gets bigger, the other variable tends to get bigger. The coefficient of correlation ranges between 0 and 1. c. In simple linear regression there is only one predictor. What measure of reliability did he use? Is there an association between time of year and the nighttime temperature in North​ Dakota? It measures the strength and direction of linear relationships. The weakest correlation is +0.1. 16. Effect Size. 33. a. experimental research Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two sets of variables? (a) The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression equation \(y =­ ax + b\). Explain. Which of the following statements is true? _C___12. When working with continuous variables, the correlation coefficient to use is Pearson’s r.The correlation coefficient (r) indicates the extent to which the pairs of numbers for these two variables lie on a straight line. A)-.95 B)-.06 C) +.30 D) +.54 a. The scatterplot is not​ linear; correlation is not appropriate. b. Many people think that a correlation of –1 indicates no relationship. a. operationalizing b. placebo effect c. random assignment d. random sampling 18. Which of the following is a possible cause of this correlation between smooth eye movements and reading ability? a. GRM 697 The Research Process 12. The relationship between any two variables can be studied with a scatterplot. Which of the following values of the correlation coefficient indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two variables? A negative correlation can indicate a strong relationship or a weak relationship. Generally runs from the lower left to the upper right. +1.0 perfect positive correlation +0.8 strong positive correlation +0.5 moderate positive correlation +0.3 weak positive correlation + 0.1 very weak positive correlation 0 no correlation-0.1 very weak correlation Which is the weakest correlation? The numerator of the Pearson correlation coefficient formula includes: the sum of the product of the deviations for each variable. Which of the following values of the correlation coefficient indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two variables? Calculate the slope for these data. If your research does NOT include a treatment or control group, what type of research are you conducting? 0. c. .01. d. .05. e. .90. b.The higher the correlation is, the larger the "jump" in explained variance. To interpret its value, see which of the following values your correlation r is closest to: Exactly –1. A Pearson correlation coefficient is calculated for 48 individuals. The value of r is always between +1 and –1. In scientific researches, the correlation forms the basis on which conclusion is produced.. They are considered as the correlation coefficient. 5) Which of the following correlational coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables? Regardless of the shape of either variable, symmetric or otherwise, if one variable's shape is different than the other variable's shape, the correlation coefficient is restricted. ​a) Explain why in looking for a variable that explains​ rank, there might be a negative correlation. Draw a scatterplot to see if the range of values is equal across all values of the other variables. What measure of reliability is Roman using? The size of r indicates the strength of the correlation. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is measured on a standard scale -- it can only range between -1.0 and +1.0. + 0.76 b. In statistics, the correlation coefficient r measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables on a scatterplot. Even if there is a​ relationship, it​ doesn't mean one causes the other. 5 b. Which of the following is a possible value of r2and indicates the strongest linear relationship between two In the case of family income and family expenditure, it is easy to see that they both rise or fall together in the same direction. The Pearson correlation coefficient can be used with: Which of the following represents degrees of freedom for r? If we believe we are creating a measure of loneliness but in fact it measures introversion, we would say that our measure lacks: Tom wants to use a computer program to assess the reliability of his new intelligence test. In a re-analysis of published studies, Twenge and Im (2007) found that, for the time period of 1958 to 2001, the need for social approval of people in the United States was positively correlated with changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average during that same period (the correlation coefficient was +0.10). (b) Use this relationship to estimate the weight of a man whose height is 177 cm. The explanatory variable explains or predicts changes in the response variable. Correlation always implies causation. They each move in a different direction: as one goes up, the other goes down. b) Explain the mistake in the following statement. The weakest linear relationship is indicated by a correlation coefficient equal to 0. The other numbers given in the question indicate very weak correlation. -.95. b. Temperatures should be low in​ January, increase through spring and into the summer​ months, and then decrease again in the fall and winter. A coefficient of correlation of +0.8 or -0.8 indicates a strong correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. What method did Tara use to assess reliability? This means that: as the need for social approval increased, divorce rates decreased. ​a) Does this mean that taller children are generally better athletes? Roman wanted to assess the internal consistency of his measure of happiness, so he measured reliability estimates by comparing items within his test. The correlation coefficient is restricted by the observed shapes of the individual X-and Y-values.The shape of the data has the following effects: 1. Most roller coasters get their speed by dropping down a steep initial​ incline, so it makes sense that the height of that drop might be related to the speed of the coaster.​ Here's a scatterplot of top speed and largest drop for 75 coasters around the world. We should only find correlation between two variables if they are​ quantitative, the association is straight​ enough, and there are no outliers. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the relationship between two variables is only appropriate if: Before calculating the correlation coefficient, it is advisable to create a _____ as a way to display the association between the two variables. When the coefficient of correlation is 0.00 there is no correlation. d. ​a) Which scatterplot shows no​ association? Recall this example from earlier in the chapter. If the number is close to 0 then the variables are uncorrelated. This is a negative correlation. 1 Question 2 Which of the following structures controls muscles in the head (such as those used to chew and swallow)? As such, we can interpret the correlation coefficient as representing an effect size.It tells us the strength of the relationship between the two variables.. The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when _____. If we assume that the conditions for correlation are​ met, which of the following are​ true? Question 1 Options: 1) +0.50 2) -0.92 3) -0.75 4) +0.75 Save Question 2 (1 Point) Any Variable Other Than The Ones Being Studied That, If Not Controlled, Could Affect The Outcome Of An Experiment Is: Question 2 Options: 1) The Independent Variable. ___E_13. Mrs. Collins made a scatterplot to show the relationship between the number of absences and a student’s final exam score. She should not reject the null hypothesis. What might you expect the correlation between DayNumber and Temperature to​ be?

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